Part 3 of 14
Skupština of Montenegro
Structure, powers and role in the state system
The Skupština of Montenegro (Skupština Crne Gore) is the unicameral parliament and the supreme legislative body of the Republic of Montenegro. This body plays a central role in the system of state governance, embodying democratic principles and ensuring citizen representation in the national decision-making process. Following the historic referendum on 21 May 2006, it was the Skupština that proclaimed Montenegro's independence and its secession from the confederation of Serbia and Montenegro on 3 June 2006. This act marked the beginning of a new stage in the development of Montenegrin parliamentarism.
Structure and Composition of Parliament
The parliament currently has 81 deputies, though this number may vary depending on demographic changes — the previous convocation had 74 members. Deputies are elected by Montenegrin citizens in general direct elections for a four-year term.
The parliament is led by the Speaker of the Skupština, elected from among the deputies. Since 30 October 2023, this post has been held by Andrija Mandić (New Serbian Democracy). The Speaker organises the work of parliament, convenes sessions, ensures compliance with the rules of procedure and represents the Skupština in relations with other state bodies.
Results of the Parliamentary Elections of 11 June 2023
Powers and Functions of Parliament
The primary function of parliament: the Skupština approves all laws of Montenegro. Bills may be introduced by deputies, the government, or citizens through the mechanism of popular initiative. Once introduced, they pass through committee discussions and plenary sessions.
The Skupština confirms the Prime Minister candidate nominated by the President. Ministerial posts are distributed by the Prime Minister. Parliament has the right to pass a vote of no confidence in the government — a key instrument of parliamentary oversight.
The Skupština ratifies international treaties and agreements, thereby integrating them into the national legal system. This process is particularly important in the context of Montenegro's European integration — Montenegro has been an EU candidate since 2010.
The Skupština plays a significant role in forming the judiciary, appointing judges at all levels. It adopts the state budget, discusses financial priorities and monitors budget execution.
Constitutional Limitations and Political Debates
In recent years, Montenegro has seen significant debates regarding the balance of powers between the different branches of government, particularly between the President and parliament.
In November 2022, Montenegrin parliamentarians passed amendments to the law on the President, restricting his constitutional powers in the government formation process. In practice, the right to grant a mandate for forming a government passed from the President to the parliamentary majority. Under the new rules, if the President refuses to nominate the candidate proposed by the deputies, these powers are transferred to the parliamentary majority.
The Venice Commission criticised these amendments: they change the provisions of the Constitution in an unconstitutional manner — through a simple rather than constitutional majority vote. The EU also called on deputies to withdraw these changes.
Formation of the Spajić Government (October 2023 – July 2024)
On 31 October 2023, Skupština deputies elected a new government led by former Finance and Social Welfare Minister Milojko Spajić. The new cabinet was confirmed by 46 votes in favour, 19 against, and 1 abstention.
The initial cabinet included 5 deputy prime ministers and 17 ministers. Then, in July 2024, parliament approved a reshuffled government. Following the vote, Montenegro's government began work with 7 deputy prime ministers, 24 ministry heads and 1 minister without portfolio.
The cabinet, in addition to the "Europe Now!" movement, included the centrist Democratic Montenegro party, the centre-left Socialist Party of Montenegro and several smaller parties. This practice of coalition governments reflects the multi-party character of Montenegro's political system and the need to seek compromises between different political forces.